Mold is an ancient life form that has, throughout history, been a constant companion of humanity. Its recent prominence as an indoor health issue is explained by two features of modern building techniques – the use of materials containing high concentrations of cellulose and other fibers upon which molds feed, and the use of insulating materials and methods that restrict ventilation. Given the inviting food source provided by present day building material, all that is required for vigorous mold growth and amplification is the presence of water and a building assembly that prevents the moisture from escaping or drying out.
One need not establish any causal connection between the presence of mold and health issues in order to recognize the need for proper mold removal. Indeed, putting health matters entirely aside, molds deteriorate the building materials on which they feed, necessitating the repair of affected components. Where structural elements are involved, this can become a matter of building stability as well as function. Additionally because of the manner in which they digest materials, molds give off undesirable odors and diminish aesthetic appearance, thereby degrading the indoor environment and decreasing property values.
While the precise health consequences of indoor mold exposure remain the subject of study and debate, particularly as to the effect of its production of mycotoxins, it is undisputed that molds are recognized allergens and reproduce by means of airborne spores. A large portion of the population will have some allergic response to certain molds. This may manifest itself as rhinitis, sinusitis or asthma, and highly sensitive individuals, and those with pre-existing respiratory problems, may develop more serious symptoms. Additionally, persons with severely compromised immune systems may be a risk for fungal infections from some pathogenic molds.
Buildings do not have mold problems unless they have water problems. Accordingly, building exterior envelopes and plumbing and mechanical systems need to be designed, constructed and maintained in a manner that protects vulnerable components from moisture. Moreover, once water intrusion results in mold growth, the water source must be eliminated and methodologies need to be in place for mold removal.
The deterioration of building components, the diminishment of indoor environmental quality and aesthetics, and the potential for allergic reactions and other health consequences provide reason to pursue mold testing and, if problems are found, mold remediation, at the first sign of water damage, mold growth, a musty/moldy odor or health symptoms related to mold growth. Competent professionals should be engaged to properly identify the source of the moisture and develop specifications for an effective repair, as well as to determine the need for and appropriate scope of any mold remediation program.
